England Occupations
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Beginning Research | |
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Local Research Resources | |
Contents
- 1 Online Resources
- 2 What was my ancestor's occupation?
- 3 Historical Occupations
- 4 Occupational Training
- 5 Professionals
- 6 Government employees and officeholders
- 7 Occupational Indexes for Finding Ancestors
- 8 Useful Addresses for Occupational Organizations
- 9 Family History Library Collection
- 10 Related Wiki Articles
- 11 References
Online Resources[edit | edit source]
- England & Wales, Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries, 314-1853, ($), index
- UK, Register of Duties Paid for Apprentices' Indentures, 1710-1811, ($), index. Also at findmypast, ($), index
- UK, Railway Employment Records, 1833-1956, ($), index
- British Postal Service Appointment Books, 1737-1969, ($), index
- UK, Civil Engineer Lists, 1818-1930, ($), index
- UK, Electrical Engineer Lists, 1871-1930, ($), index
- UK, Electrical Engineer Membership Forms, 1871–1901, ($), index
- British Red Cross Register Of Overseas Volunteers 1914-1918, ($), index
- Coalmining Accidents and Deaths Database, The Coalmining History Centre, 1700 to present
- Conditions of the Mines
Knowing an ancestor’s occupation can help you distinguish him or her from other individuals with the same name. The records associated with your ancestor’s occupation could provide information about his or her life and family. Some occupations are more likely to have records about the people in those occupations than others. There are many records of people in trades, such as bootmakers and tailors.
What was my ancestor's occupation?[edit | edit source]
If you know:
- the person's name
- the geographical area where they worked
- a date range to focus your search
then there are several useful places to start searching for your ancestor's occupation:
- Census records. The decennial census recorded the occupation of those enumerated. From 1851 trades could be listed in the census in order of importance if a person had more than one source of income. For more information on using census records, see: England Census. Or a list of obscure old English occupations found on the Census with explanations.
- Vital Records. Parish records of baptisms and marriages usually record the occupation of the father of the child in the case of a baptism and the occupations of the parties and their fathers in the case of a marriage. Parish records of burials less often record the occupation of the deceased. Civil registration of births, deaths and marriages will contain the occupation of the father in the case of a birth, the deceased in the case of a death (sometimes also that of the father) and, in respect of marriages, the occupations of the parties and their fathers. For more information on using these records, see: England Civil Registration.
- Directories. From the 18th century, variously styled publications began being produced which contained alphabetical lists of persons, their trades and addresses. In the 1840s, street directories began to appear which included among its listings the occupation of the householder. Post Office officials began publishing their local Post Office Directory. For more guidance on using trade and other directories, see: England Directories.
Other possible sources for your ancestor's occupation include migration records, passenger lists, naturalization records, wills and probate records, land and property records, military records which will also record the occupation on enlistment, and newspaper reports.
For a history of occupations using the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO) The History of Work. All occupational titles in the world from the 18th to the 20th century can be ordered, connected and linked to short descriptions of the work done.
Historical Occupations[edit | edit source]
Learn more about:
The Oxford English Dictionary is the definitive source for occupation definitions. Of great value to the family historian, it also provides time periods when occupational terms were in use.
RootsWeb has a general list. For a list of occupations found in census reports
For classification of occupations in England, see:
- General Register Office. Classification of Occupations, 1960. London, England: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1960. (Family History Library book Q 942 U2gr.)
Occupational Training[edit | edit source]
To learn a trade, an individual had to be apprenticed. Records were usually created of the agreement between the master (the one doing the teaching) and the person (father, guardian) or the organization (parish) placing the apprentice.
A child could be apprenticed by his father or by the parish council if the child was an orphan or a pauper. A person was apprenticed between the ages of 7 and 18 years. An indenture was a legal agreement that bound the apprentice to serve a number of years, usually 7. Indentures usually contain the names of the apprentice and the master, the master’s trade and residence, the terms of apprenticeship, and sometimes the name, occupation, and residence of the apprentice’s father.
After learning the trade, the apprentice became a journeyman. A journeyman was an employee who received wages.
Master was the level after journeyman. A master was the most skilled craftsman.
Apprenticeship Tax[edit | edit source]
Between 1710 and 1811 a tax was assessed on the masters of the many who were apprenticed. For more information about these tax records, see the Taxation topic page.
Apprenticeship books of Great Britain: Inland Revenue, town registers, Oct. 1711-Jan. 1811 and country registers, May 1710-Sept. 1808; and indexes to apprentices, 1710-1774 and indexes to masters, 1710-1762 See the following:
- Images of original records 1710-1811 at Ancestry (£)
- Online index 1710-1774 at findmypast (£)
- The National Archives provides downloadable PDFs for these records for free. You do have to register, but once that is done, you can choose the files you want and download them to your own computer. Once that is done, you can search them page by page.
- Alternatively, these records are on microfilm at The Family History Library FHL microfilm]
Guilds[edit | edit source]
Often the craftsmen of the same trade banded together to regulate trade and protect their members’ interests. The organization they formed was a guild. Those belonging to the guild were given special privileges, such as voting, and were called freemen. In a city a freeman was also called a citizen. In a town or rural area, he was called a burgess.
The city livery companies developed from the craft guilds of the 12th to the 15th centuries. The word livery originally referred to the distinctive uniform granted to each company. It now also denotes a company’s collective membership.
Guild records contain lists of members, information on journeymen practicing in the town, and advancements from the rank of apprentice to journeyman and from journeyman to master. Contracts between masters and parents of apprentices may also be included.
Freemen records are more useful than apprenticeship records because they usually give ages, birthplaces, parentage, and occupations.
Trades' Records[edit | edit source]
Guild records are usually among city or borough records or in the possession of the modern guild. Many are in London at the Guildhall Library. Chapter 14 in the following book explains guild records:
- A Guide to Genealogical Sources in Guildhall Library. Second Revised Edition. London, England: Corporation of London, 1981. (FHL book 942.1/L1 A3g 1981. BYU Harold B Lee Library book CS 414 .G84x 1988.)
Freemen and apprenticeship records are usually at the county record offices.
Many of the London Guild records have been indexed and are available:
London Guild Records Indexes Online[edit | edit source]
British Origins has an index of just under 500,000 names a this link for London Apprentices 1442-1850 (£) from indexes created by Cliff Webb.
The Family History Library Indexes and Records of London[edit | edit source]
The London Livery Company Apprenticeship Registers are in book form and indexes [1]]
The Family History Library has a good collection of books on the histories of occupations and guilds. The Family History Library has a very good collection of the London Guild Records on microfilm. [2]]
Professionals[edit | edit source]
In early use, the term "profession" was limited to the law, the established Church, and medicine (these three often called the "learned professions") and sometimes extended to the military profession. Training was undertaken, not through apprenticeship, but at schools, colleges and universities, although the solicitors' branch of the law was subject to a special form of apprenticeship called 'articles' undertaken by articled clerks.
Members of the did not join guilds; they had their own associations, disciplinary bodies and publications. For details see:
- Doctors: Physicians, Surgeons, Dentists and Apothecaries in England
- Lawyers in England and Wales
- Clergy of Church of England (in England)
See also:
- Religious non-conformity in England
- England Religious Occupations, Roman Catholics, Nonconformists (National Institute)
Government employees and officeholders[edit | edit source]
Records of persons employed in various occupations by the government have survived in various archives. They are usually organised by employer rather than occupation. Details of officeholders have also been complied.
- The Coastguard and Custom and Excise Officers:
- The Coastguard The National Archives Research Guide
- Looking for records of a Customs officer The National Archives finding guide
- Looking for records of an Excise or Inland Revenue officer The National Archives finding guide
- Office-Holders in Modern Britain
- Admiralty Officials
- Main article: England Customs and Excise Records (National Institute)
Occupational Indexes for Finding Ancestors[edit | edit source]
INDEX |
ADDRESS |
---|---|
Brassworkers 1500-1900 |
Ms. Pat Santaana, 29 Gilda Court, Watford Way, Mill Hill, London NW7 2QN |
Brickmakers |
David Cufley, 55 Broomhill Road, |
British Library, Oriental and India Office Collection |
Catalogue and searchable indexes. |
Brushmakers |
Kenneth A. Doughty, The Society of Brushmakers’ Descendants, 13 Ashworthy Place, Church Langley, Essex CM17 9PU . |
Canal and River Boatmen and Allied Trades |
John Roberts, 52 St. Andrew's Road Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands B75 6UH |
Canal Boat People of Wolverhampton, N. Staffs, S. Cheshire and Chester |
Wolverhampton Archives and Local Studies, 42-50 Snow Hill, Wolverhampton WV2 4AG |
Catholic nuns |
Catholic Family History Society |
Clay Pipe Makers and Society for Clay Pipe Research |
|
Coal Miners | Alan Beales Database of Fatalities in Coal Fields |
Coastguards |
Mrs. E.R. Stage, 150 Fulwell Park Ave Twickenham, Middx TW2 5HB |
Coastguards in Sussex |
See Family Roots (Eastbourne) FHS |
Coastguards in Ireland |
Tony Daly, 30 Gledswood Park, Clouskeagh, Dublin 14, Replublic of Ireland |
Coastguards from various ADM classes |
Andy Chapman, 161 Totterdown Street, Tooting, London SW17 8TE |
Combmakers |
Ron Bowers, Road End Cottage, Stockland, Honiton, Devon EX14 9LJ |
Combmakers and Horners |
Robert Watts, 34 Cherry Orchard, Wootton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire GL12 7HT |
Customs Officers |
Mrs. June Underwood, 174A Wendover Road, Weston Turville, Bucks HP22 5TG |
Dissenting Ministers (Surman Index) |
Dr. Williams’s Library, 14 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AG |
Divers |
The Historical Diving Society, Email: diversindex@thehds.com |
Entertainers |
Marjorie P. Dunn, 2 Summer Lane, Sheffield, Yorkshire S17 4AJ |
Family Roots(Eastbourne) FHS |
94 Northbourne Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN22 8QP Email: sarahslaughter@madasafish.com |
Family Tree Magazine |
|
Fire Insurance Index | Maureen Shettle, 2 Bury Mews, Millmead Terrace, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5AS |
Gamekeepers 1711-1900 |
Ms Dolina Clarke, 22 Portobello Grove, Fareham, Hampshire PO16 8HU |
Gas Industry Genealogical Index |
Terry Mitchell, Old Barnshaw Cottage, Pepper Street, Mobberley, Cheshire WA16 6JH. Email: TMM@Tinyworld.co.uk |
Glassmakers |
Mr. B. Hardyman, 26 St. Anne’s Drive, Coalpit Heath, Bristol, Avon BS17 2TH |
Index of Indexers |
Brian Jones, 32 Myers Avenue, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD2 4ET |
India Office Records |
Catalogue and searchable indexes. |
India websites |
|
Inland Waterways |
John Roberts, 52 St. Andrews Road Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands B75 6 UH |
Johnston Index obituaries) |
Manchester College Library, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD |
Lacemakers |
Mrs. Jennifer Hanney, 155 Ridgeway Drive, Bromley, Kent BR1 5DB |
Land Tax E 182 Exchequer: King's Remembrance: Particulars of Account or Land and Assessed Taxes |
|
Lawyers |
Tim Cockerell, The Old Mill House, Weston Colville, Cambridge CB1 5NY |
Lighthouseman |
Mr. C. Trethewey, 135 Stanborough Road, Plymstock, Plymouth, Devon |
Metropolitan Police Consolidated Index |
Mr. Chris Forester, 23 Brittain Road, Hersham, Surrey KT12 4LR |
Midland Railway |
See Wyvern M. R. Index |
Millers, Mills and Millwrights |
Tony and Mary Yoward, 4 Slipper Mill, Emsworth, Hants PO10 8XD |
North of England Mining Accident Victims 1858-1899 |
George Bell, Original Indexes, 113 East View, Wideopen, Tyne and Wear NE13 6EF |
Papermakers in the British Isles |
Mrs. Jean Stirk, Shode House, Ightham, Kent TN15 9HP |
Perukemakers |
Mrs. V.A. Given, Garden House, Horton, Northampton NN7 2BB |
Police Gazette |
|
Publicans and Pubs, Inns and Taverns |
Stan Gooch, 144 Anerley Road, London SE20 Email: Pubsindex@drones.ndirect.co.uk |
Quilt makers |
Thelma East, Delamorn, Ladywood, Droitwich, Cheshire WR9 0AJ |
Railway and Canal Historical Society Index |
|
Royal Irish Constabulary 1816-1882 1882-1921 |
On FHL fiche 6344743(8) and FHL fiche 6344782(7) |
Royal National Lifeboat Institution Museum and Archives |
|
Shoemakers |
Information Officer, Boot and Shoe Collection, Central Museum, Guildhall Road, Northampton, Northants NN1 1DP |
Smith’s Inventory on fiche from Family History Library |
England FHL fiche 6110526 (96) Ireland FHL fiche 6110527 (18) Scotland FHL fiche 6110528 (18) Wales FHL fiche 6110529 (14) |
Stonemasons |
Mr. M.J.A. Miller, Sanderlings, Plovers Barrows, Buxted, East Sussex TH22 4JP |
Surman Index (Dissenting Ministers) |
Dr. Williams’s Library, 14 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AG |
Telecommunications |
British Telecom Archives, 3rd Floor, Holborn Telephone Exchange, 268-270 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EE |
Tobacco Pipe Makers |
Peter J. Hammond, 68 Byron Road, West Bridgford, Nottingham, Notts NG2 6DX |
Trades and Skilled Occupations Bibliography |
George Nicolle, 33 Torr Road, Hartley, Plymouth PL3 5TF |
Unitarian obituaries (Johnston index) |
Manchester College Library, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD |
The Company of Watermen and Lightmen of the River Thames |
|
West Country Stone and Quarrymen |
|
Woad-people |
Mrs. V. Billington, 502 Wellsway, Bath, Avon BA2 2UD |
Watermen and Lightermen Apprentice bindings on fiche or CD |
Rob Cottrell, 19 Bellevue Road, Bexleyheath, Kent DA6 8ND Email RJCindex@aol.com |
Wyvern M.R. Index (Midland Railway) |
Chris and Judy Rouse, 18 Sarsen Close Swindon, Wiltshire SN1 4LA Email: chris@rouse31.freeserve.co.uk[1][2] |
Useful Addresses for Occupational Organizations[edit | edit source]
Artists Papers Register | |
Baptist Union and B.U. Library | Baptist House, PO Box 44, 129 Broadway, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 8RT 4 Southampton Row, London WC1 |
Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood |
Cambridge Heath Road, London E2 9PA |
Brewery History Society | |
British Coal (see Hayes Info. Man.) | Headquarters, Hobart House, Grosvenor Place, London SW1 |
British Library | 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB |
British Music Hall Society | Max Tyler, 76 Royal Close, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 2FL |
British Theatre Association | 9 Fitzroy Square, London |
Church of England Record Centre | Church House, Great Smith Street, London London SW1P 3AZ |
Circus Friends Association | John Turner, Lingdales Press, 15 Lingdales, Formby, Liverpool L37 7HA |
City of London Chamberlain’s Court | Clerk, CLCC, Guildhall, Aldermanbury, London EC2P 2EJ |
City of London Police Records Office |
|
Clothworkers’ Company (London) | Clothworkers’ Hall, Dunster Court, London EC3R 7AH |
Commission of Irish Lights [lighthouses] |
Harbor Road Dun Laoghaire Ireland |
Corporation of London | PO Box 270, Guildhall, Aldermanbury, London EC2P 2EJ |
Courage Brewery | Archivist Ken Thomas, Courage Ltd, PO Box 85, Bristol, Avon BS99 7BT |
Dr. Williams’s Library | 14 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0AR |
Drapers’ Company (London) | Drapers’ Hall, 27 Throgmorton Street, London EC2N 2DQ |
East India Company | Oriental and Indian Office Collections British Library, 96 Euston Road London NW1 2DB |
Era, The (theatrical magazine) | |
Essex Police Museum | P.O. Box 2 Police HQ, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 6DA |
Fairground Association of Great Britain | |
Fairground Society | |
Families in British India Society |
|
Family History Library | 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 84150 |
Guards Combined Record Office |
Wellington Barracks, Birdcage Walk London SW1E 6HQ |
Goldsmiths’ Company (London) | Goldsmiths’ Hall, Foster Lane, London EC2V 6BN |
GWR (Great Western Railway) Museum |
Fire Fly Avenue, Kimball Drive, Swindon SN2 2EY |
Guildhall Library | Aldermanbury, Longon EC2V 7HH |
Hays Information Management (for British Coal personnel records) | Cannock Record Centre, Old Mid-Cannock Closed Colliery Site, Rumer Hill Road, Cannock, Staffs WS11 3EX |
House of Lords Record Office |
House of Lords, London SW1A 0PW |
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales | The Registrar, Gloucester House, 399 Silbury Boulevard, Central Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire MK9 2HL |
International Dictionary of Veterinary Biography | |
International Police Association-British Section-Genealogy Group |
|
Jerwood Library of Performing Arts | King Charles Court], Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich, London. SE10 9JF(Formed from Mander-Michenson Theatre Collection + Library of Trinity College of Music). |
University of Manchester Library |
University of Manchester, Oxford Road, , Manchester M13 9PP |
Law Society |
113 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1PL |
Leathersellers’ Company (London) |
Leathersellers’ Company, 21 Garlick Hall ,London EC4U 2AU |
Lloyd's Register of Shipping Information Centre |
71 Fenchurch Street London EC3M 4BS |
London and N. Western Railway Society-Staff History Group |
|
London Fire Brigade Museum |
169 Union St, London SE1 0LL |
London Metropolitan Archives |
40 Northampton Road, London EC1R 0HB |
Harris Manchester College Library |
Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD |
Mander and Micheson Theatre Collection |
University of Bristol |
Maritime History Archive | Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7 |
Master Mariners’ Company |
The Clerk, Master Mariners’ Hall, HQS ‘Wellington’, Temple Stairs, Victoria Embankment, London WC2R 2PN |
Mercers’ Company (London) |
Mercers’ Hall, Ironmonger Lane, London EC2V 8HE |
Merseyside Maritime Museum |
Albert Dock, Liverpool L3 4AQ |
Methodist Archives and Research Centre |
John Rylands University Library, 150 Deansgate, Manchester M3 3EH |
Metropolitan Police Archives and Museum |
New Scotland Yard, Victoria Street London SW1 0BG |
National Archives of Scotland |
HM General Register House 2Princes Street Edinburgh EH1 3YY |
National Fairground Archive |
NFA, Main Library, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN |
National Maritime Museum |
Romney Road Greenwich London SE10 9NF |
National Railway Museum | Leeman Road, York YO2 4XJ |
National Telephone Library |
BT Archives and Historical Information Centre, Telephone House, 204 Temple Avenue, London EC4Y 0HL |
Patent Office |
|
Patents at British Library |
|
Police History Society (academic, not family history oriented) |
|
Port of London Police | Archives c/o Police Station, Tilbury Dock, Tilbury Essex RM18 7DU |
The British Postal Museum and Archive |
Freeling House, Phoenix Place London WC1X 0DL |
Public Record Office |
Ruskin Avenue, Kew, Surrey TW9 4DU [from April 2003 renamed The National Archives] |
Railway Ancestors Family History Society |
Lundy Guest House, King Edward Street Barmouth, Gwynedd Email: rafhs@binternet.com |
Railway and Canal Historical Society |
|
Red Cross | - Within Britain Director, International Welfare Department, British Red Cross Society, 44 Morefields, London EC2Y 9AL -From outside Britain International Council of the Red Cross, Archives Division, 19 Avenue dela Paix, CH-1202, Geneva, Switzerland. |
Registry of Shipping and Seamen | Anchor Court, Ocean Way, Cardiff, Wales CF24 5JW (for merchant seamen 1941 to date) |
Romany and Traveller FHS | |
ROMANI - A Romany Gypsy & Traveller Heritage Project | |
Royal Academy of Music |
|
Royal Archives |
Archivist, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire SL4 1NJ |
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons |
Library and Information Service], Belgravia House, 62-64 Horseferry Road, London SW1P 2AF Email library@rcvstrust.org.uk |
Royal Military School of Music |
Kneller Hall, Twickenham, Middlesex TW2 7DU |
Royal Pharmaceutical Society |
1 Lambeth High Street, London SE1 7JN |
Saddlers’ Company (London) |
Saddlers’ Hall, 40 Gutter Lane, London EC2V 6BR |
Salters’ Company (London) |
Salters’ Hall, 4 Fore Street, London EC2Y 5DE |
Salvation Army Territorial Headquarters [see also William Booth Memorial Training College] |
101 Newington Causeway, London SE1 6BN |
Ship photographs | Cliff Parsons, 6 Kathkin Avenue Manchester M8 4QL |
Showmen’s Guild of Great Britain |
41 Clarence Street, Staines, Middlesex TW18 4SY |
Society of Genealogists | 14 Charterhouse Buildings, Goswell Road London EC1M 7BA Bookshop |
Society of Nautical Research | National Maritime Museum, Park Row, Greenwich, London SE10 9NF |
St. Bride Printing Library |
Bride Lane, London EC4Y 8EE |
Stationers’ Company (London) |
Stationers’ Hall, London EC4M 7DD (see also St. Bride Printing Library) |
Telephone books | |
Theatre Museum |
1E Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, London WC2E 7PA |
Theatrical Collection |
Westminster Reference Library, 35 St. Martin’s Street, London WC2H 7HP |
Thomas Cook Company Archives | Thomas Cook Archives, The Thomas Cook Business Park, Conings by Road, Petersborough London PE3 8SB |
Town Criers |
The Ancient and Honourable Guild of Town Criers |
Trade Union Records |
Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick Library, Coventry CV4 7AL |
University of Newfoundland Maritime Archives |
Maritime History Archives, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5S7 |
Victoria and Albert Museum |
Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2RL |
Waterways Trust | The National Waterways Museum Ellesmere Port, South Pier Road, Cheshire, CH65 4Fw Email: waterwaystrust.co.uk antony.tiernan@the waterwaystrust.co.uk |
Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine Library |
183 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE Email:library@wellcome.ac.uk |
Westminster Archives |
City of Westminster Archives Centre], 10 St. Ann’s Street, London SW1P 2DE |
William Booth Memorial Training College |
Denmark Hill, London SE5 8BQ Salvation Army |
World Ship Society Membership |
WSS, 17 Birchdale Road, Appleton, Warrington Cheshire,WA4 5AR United Kingdom[3][4][5] |
Occupation Resources and help pages on RootsChat Occupation Resources and help pages. (Free).
Family History Library Collection[edit | edit source]
Occupational histories, records, and related items are listed in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
ENGLAND - OCCUPATIONS
ENGLAND, [COUNTY] - OCCUPATIONS
ENGLAND, [COUNTY], [PARISH or CITY] - OCCUPATIONS
Related Wiki Articles[edit | edit source]
- England Occupations Further Reading A to B (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading B to C (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading C to F (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading F to H (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading H to J (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading J to M (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading M to P (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading P to S (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading S to W (National Institute)
- England Occupations Further Reading W to Z (National Institute)
- England Military and Service Occupations Further Reading A to F (National Institute)
- England Military and Service Occupations Further Reading F to O (National Institute)
- England Military and Service Occupations Further Reading O to S (National Institute)
- England Military and Service Occupations Further Reading S to Z (National Institute)
- The Police of the United Kingdom
- London Occupations
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Christensen, Penelope. "England Occupational Indexes for Finding Ancestors (National Institute)," The National Institute for Genealogical Studies (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Occupational_Indexes_for_Finding_Ancestors_%28National_Institute%29.
- ↑ Christensen, Penelope. "England Indexes to Military and Service Organization Records for Family History (National Institute)," The National Institute for Genealogical Studies (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Indexes_to_Military_and_Service_Organization_Records_for_Family_History_%28National_Institute%29.
- ↑ Christensen, Penelope. "England Useful Addresses for Occupational Organizations (National Institute)," The National Institute for Genealogical Studies (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Useful_Addresses_for_Occupational_Organizations_(National_Institute).
- ↑ Christensen, Penelope. "England Useful Addresses for Military and Service Organizations A to P (National Institute)," The National Institute for Genealogical Studies (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Useful_Addresses_for_Military_and_Service_Organizations_A_to_P_%28National_Institute%29.
- ↑ Christensen, Penelope. "England Useful Addresses for Military and Service Organizations P to Z (National Institute)" The National Institute for Genealogical Studies (2012), https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/England_Useful_Addresses_for_Military_and_Service_Organizations_P_to_Z_%28National_Institute%29.
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